ʥ  Vol.3  ˹Թ


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һõ޷ؽ˹ǣӵʥʸ˱
յسǾĳʽҪǷֱ롺֮
ܹƽص˽ΪΪƷĹ򼧣
ҲԭĹѡˡڶŷһͬ롺֮
Ȼǰģȴһ˼ĹϳС




ʥ  ˹Թ
Ŀ

1  ˶
2  ľ
3  ط֮ʱ
4  λ
5  ֮ˮ
6  ֻ
7  ŵħ
8  ξ




ʥ
Ҫǳ


Ĺλ̳˵ֱ
ԭӦô巨飬ȴڲѵ³Ϊŷ

ŷ
˹ǵĵڶӣԸʮᣬӡŷ˾˸

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򼧵ãΪ޵˹Ƕ򼧵δ˽



ʥ  ˹Թ



ʧѾ˶õʱء
Ƭбߵľɫ޷ȥķ١
ˣԾɴš
·ϵط΢ʡ
ҲղĵطȻŸһ̡
һšٴطʵֵΡ
з紵ͬżĳ
һ
ͬʱŲ
һӯһȷ̤ŵ档
ͻȻռ쳹ܣ˵ĳԵø¡
Լľɥ̾
УҲûˡ
жûأŮ˲佫ע
ůζó¶ȡ
Ǳİš
Ҳһսĵ



1  ˶

ʥš
ʲôһɻѯʣŷ漴ָס촽˵꡹
˹ǵĸ߼سǣϽĳزΧ
ǴӸոտʼĳϲͣš
Ƕԣ·ƺŷǳش塣
Ǽ˵ʱ̣˾Ȼյ죬ֵĻЩһ˵λҪʽʲôˣȻʹͷٽһΡţ˵ñٴӷߵľ
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ǰسװʮֻǵıӰ̾˿
һʲô飬Щ˹سĿͷǣԹϰסǡǽ˹ǴĹ涨ǶԣֽųġʽԲʡԡ
ʲôû˵𣿡
Ϊ˲ΧܵŷϸСѯʡ
򼧶Դᵽ⡣
ֻ֪ΪʽѡʥҪڡ֮µʽ
Դǰι˹һֱûͳߵ״̬
˵ɣΪڻû˭ʽõʥĳƺţҲǼ̳λıҪȻէ֮ºǽ򼧵ɡƷĵڶŷõƺţȴΪһλӵĳֶ޷ȷ˭̳λ
ǰ죬˹ǵĵһ࣬ŴӵʥʸġޡصԼԭȱ
˹ǹ˲ص⡪λӶֱõޣȴøѡһλΪʥźáس쿪ۣȴ޷˭̳λֻеóһۡ
ע⵽ĳڽ˹δʥͳ֮ǰеʽ
Ǹʽƺ򼧵ǰġ֮Уǣسȴȫû˵ݡ
˵ǵģʹٶܾˡϾʱȻȣһȴӹӳȥ
ȫʧȥá
ҪǿЩʲôأ򼧹뵽Ͳһ
ҴӸղžһֱʣΧʲôԸ˵ֻѽΨһоľҪЩֵˣȫ֪ʵϻᷢʲô£޷Ӧ
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ʲôô鷳Ĵ磬ʵֻΪպÿ
򼧵ͷԼ⸱Ϊˡʽ಻Ҫװεģ
İɫԼÿһͻĳװƷ򼧵ļеӲѣںڳķҲźü˱ʯķΣתͷ鷳Ȼͬ˴磬ΪԵŷȴűȽϼķװ
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ɫɫ˫Ļ䣬͹עĿˡ
ͷ۾Ǻɫ෴
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ۡǻܾҮǸ㲻ûΪ̺ıЦม
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̲ס˳ǰسһͷ
Ǹ̫ˣԺעġ
򼧻ŵشԲ뱣ְ˵仰ͬʱ¿ʼǰһ
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ƶıСŷ֧½Ĵ˹ӣȻ˶壬λȴȥԶ˵վһ֮ԭ涼еĹϵ
򼧵ϣ¶˹Ӷ»Լ˽ŷԶʶɡ

Ծ
ŷ档
ŷ˹ǿ׶򼧻ûѡءɽ˹ӵвֻһҵϰ˵򼧲ޣΪλ͵ĲеһˣҲܶԼ账ʵʵ
ŷƺȫûЩ
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ԽԽòܽܣʱŷҲ͵˵ǰǻ᲻ѾʧĿ˰˵Ϊ˾ʥܾѡùҰȲ¡
һ仰ͷð
Ҳ﷢Ƣ֮ܶڱЩŷа顣нԼ͡
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Ǹ˵ɵ˹ǵϵӶô˵ȻȴҪʽͶ·ˡΪͷʹѡ
ֻ֪ǸʽʥûңԶŴеġʱΪ˵õ̳λʸ񣬱봩ʥš֮ƽص˾ܳΪม
ҿ˹ǸĹҡΪ˵Ϲĳʸһ㣬ʱǨҲûиı𣿡
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仰ɻͷ
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򼧲֪ǷøлΪ롣ʱسһ൱ı˵
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仰æҡͷ
С֪ˣҲЩˡ
ݳⳡ־磬Ļ˾޿̡
ԵĻϣʽ



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ΪڵִĿĵء
ǰһȳص顣
ŵԲεӡǣӡǱӦþ;зӡ֮ԿĹáһٴǸӡǲ˼̵Ļ֮󣬾һĿ
ǸסϢ
ʱڵˡ
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˹ǵĹɹͥ԰޴ɣҲнֹ򼧲ȫòղߵĻҲЩֹĲ֮һ
Ϊεʽ
ٵ̤֮УڲչֳһƬĿռ䡣񿴵ĺѤϸĲõĹͬùζֺܳ¾ɣ֮ûκδʱȻǰ죬ȴ谵˲š
еڲͬطĵƵȼ֮󣬲ܿΧľ
ǡ
Сƶߡ
ǰյһƬֻдĵذĻƣҶԳƵļͼΡ
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ŷڴߴ֮վڵذͼ档
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һǿħ֧Ŀռ䡪򼧱ܵضԴ˿ܲе־塣
ڶͬʱһͷʹ֮Ϯоܡ
֪ĸоƣҲǸ֮ǰʥ޵ıϽпռƶʱһ
򼧾Ȳѣʱŷץס
ǡ
û˵仰űɢĹâѾѸٵظܣһɴ



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΢Ŀռ鲼ɢ΢΢׹⡣
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ԣȷ˵Ӧʯǽɡ
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Щӵʲôأ
Գμľ򼧲Ϣԭء
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һֱҲûã֮뿪ɡ
תŷ˵š

۲ͼ




ߵǰǧƪһɵľɫ
խֵֻжתƵĽֵתǡ·ϵС͹㳡ԼС·Ľ·ڣǰҲֻǸӲʯ·
;зִˮĵطһƣȴһƬɺԡ
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2  ľ

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ɥʧʶǰһ̣ŷӦö߲Ŷ԰
ٶȻΧխηڳɫ԰׵֮⣬ʲôҲûУŷɢˡ
򼧲ͷɥ˵
ôȻɢ͸ˡ
оеԼǽĿתϡ
ϸһûб˩סȴһֱϥǡƣΪԸ
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ǸޱС
ʯо꣬ɵʮɻ
ٶ˵Ϊ˲ŵԷѡ
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Եʱسʹе㵣ġ
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עԵ꣬װʮָ߼Ȼòȴ㡣
ҽ򼧣ʲô֣
򼧶ܷõӦ̫ΪʼΪὲ
򼧵Ĳ²෴
׿ء

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𣿡
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ԷЩĽ˿ȥ
Ǻ񱻹ҮȻк֪ܶ飬ҵһ֪ľ
򼧲ΪλᱻҲпһʲô֪±סġʹɲͬ򼧣Ϊûб˩ű򼧻Ҫ֮ǰͱؽη֪ٻࡣ
˹
ʲô
˵֪
ǰ
ꡪ׿ػش򼧵⡣

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ⲢǳϤ֣ƶеȴų򼧼ĳ
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νҶһ
˵š
ʲô
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֪ΪΣƵĿ򼧵Щ
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֮û˵ˡεĳĬ֮򼧿ڴ˾Ĭ
ô˹е𣿡
򼧵⣬ǽת
ұץ֮ǰһİĳһûκ˾סĳУ־ǰ˹𣿡
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Ϊʲôûˣסľʲôˣ
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ΪȷԼ뷨꣬ԾԺޱ仯ı
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ɡ
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򼧵ָԷǰһ̣ǰӰͻȻ
򼧻УѾϨĵηʧˡ



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·˵Լʱ򡭡
򼧣
ܺȻһ˼žϤڴͬʱŷͻǰ˳
۰
̫ˣ򼧣ҵˣû°ɣ
Ҳн㲻Ҫֶкⷽʽ𣡡
Բ𣬿ͻȻֿԺżҲôҶҲ㣬ܵòᷢ⣬Һ㻹š
ŷĵ׸еĵĿǣҲŭìͷ̾һ˵
Ҳ֪ղȥء
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ķӦ򼧾֣ͷʵ
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ŷһµģ̬򼧺⡣
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ŷ˵ԼܵĳǿӰ죬޷ʹָоڲ֮ǰҪ˲û취˳ҳ򼧰ɡ
ûΪѹסԲŻΪ
˵˭ŷʩչأҲŷǷֵ⿴ĻҲûôŶԣ˵ʱӦһΪʲôҪŷֿһ˹ؽʯأ̫ˡ
򼧴˿ͻȻע⵽һ¡
ŷطغܸˣ֪ΪΣȴ򼧱һξ롢ǰ
ܾ֪ŷʲôʱȡΪģʽ
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ţԭҲô룬Ѱ򼧵ʱҲ˳Լ壬ǵҲֻҵ򼧡
ϸҹ𣿡
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˼ǣڵĽ˹ǻҪ𣿡
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3  ط֮ʱ

顭
ŷһգ۾һ߸򼧸ղ˵Ļ
ˣ򼧡Ӹղſʼһֱ˵ʲôģôһ°
ŷϸ˼ı飬ڶ¸Ȥˡ̾һȻ˵
˵ղųҪȽǿɲһյ˵λ꣬Ǿ֮ม
ĳǾġʵһζûпֶ˵鿴͸ģ͸𣿿û˵šҺúѽأǿɱ𣿡
Ҳ͸˵ԼһϺļһｲô˷ܣ㲻
ǰ㵲ѵ£̲ס˳
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ΪҪ㽲ʵһͨมǿǴ˵еĹŴ˹ҮǸ֪˹ร
ܣ
򼧲ʣŷ˸ͷ˵
׵ļأ˹ĳһͻȻʧģǲһۼʧڵصסΪλᷢ£ķŭ𣿻Ϊԭ򣿡Ҿȫ״ʧˡǰ˹飬˵ͿԽ⿪ء
Ļ漴̾һ
Ϊ֮ǰȽ⿪ԼϵŲŶԡ
ף
ȻҲ֪˹嵽ȥˣΪʲôҲءΪλᱻѹסҾӦŪЩŶ԰ɣ
ŷһˮ֮󣬺Ҳʵϵ⡣
⵹Ҳǡ
ͬƵͷ򼧽ż˵ȥ
ȣΪʲôڰ˹ӦĳءǽܵӦΪѡʥеŶԣΪλֵطأôˣοΪʲôҪΪѡʥΪ˹϶û˿ĳУ
ŷΪ򼧵Ļع񣬲˼
˵Ҳǣҡڰ˹ڵ½ϣ󲿷ֵĹҶڰ˹֮ųֵġԾ˹ǵֹٶ˹顭Ӧû취⽫͵ֵط
ŷһʣѾ˷ǳ˵״С
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ۣ
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Ϊļио״£ʵÿռԾ֮ķʽǰܱȽϺãǻ᲻ԾزȡϤĶ

ҲǺϲַʽǰԸĻ´ҪҪԿأ
νĿռԾӦþɸղŵηʱ鵽ָо뵽򼧲ҡͷܾ
ˣֻҪ뿪ղǸطͺˡ
ⲻʲô鼸εĸоҶͨ˵ָо̫ˡ
ǣܱʯηԴúá
һ˼һӽűߡ
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Ҹòΰɣ
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ħܴǲӶνˣңԾƳɵĴҲпܾ߱;
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Щɢʯˮżǽڶɢ˵ɫԡֻǽڣذҲȫɫ׹İΧ֮С
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ӦûҲǵһοôˮǲˡ
֮Ĳ˾㵲ѣطһȾƷڣżȲһ
ڴϵľҲʮֹ·𾭹ϸҫĹԡ
򼧱ǰľסӡ
ȴȻھпӰ
ס
Էģ򼧳һ
Ǹźͻ״㷢⻬ļϡеĻװƷŲϻ߶ʱط桢ɫŵĿɰǰһŮ
ھ㵵ͬʱеһѣ
ϣ¶ȡ
Լûʵ壬ʶ֣Ҫӡ
ôܡ
пܷ
ǰŵĹ⾰գ֮۾
ҿ𣿻᲻ǻӰأ
׿İ𡪡
򼧵ϣ¶Ϊ˹ǵӽ飬򼧵δ˽Բܻ
ǣô۾ϣ¶ȵӰûʧղӳģӰͬظֳ

۲ͼ

ģ֪Ĳͬһӵһͷں㷢ǡ
ô᣿ͷ
ӵеĲϤڷȫ෴ɫʣ
һͷɫ㷢
ϣ¶Ȳַɫ
ֻϣ¶ȳú𣿣
ԣҲϴԼãϣ¶ȡΨʮȷš
ǣΪʲôϣ¶Ȼᡭ
ΪʲôûԶʱӦóص׵Ĺҡ
򼧵δ򵱳ϣ¶һߣأ
ͣӿоС
ʱ򣬾һŮٶȶæע
Ŀ׷Żǰϣ¶ȣǰǡ
򼧿ǸӰ̳Ծ۾
ŷ
Ϊھȶ˳
̱ڴϵˣŷ
ɫ𷢵꣬˯ˡͬľǸʱҲʧȥ꾲š
һͷϣ¶ؽӽŷ
԰ϸָᴥŷա
˲ŵĹ⾰򼧵һ
Ϊʲô
·򼧵˹ȥƵأϣ¶һ˲佫ת
ڶݵƬС߽ᡪ
һ˲䡪һŷԭ򼧵֣ȴͻȻɿ
򼧸еԼĳǿǣͬʱǰľɫҲʼת䡣
·Ÿղ˵·һת任򼧻ع۾ʱš
ѾصԼ



4  λ

һ۾
ǰľҡΡ
ôˣô¡
һ˲仹㲻ʲô¡
ƶߣҪΧ״
򼧱һȺص˰Χԣȷ˵ӦǱˡ
ɵĵطĳֻмι̵ؼһ鲼״̵Ķϣ΢ʯǰ
һͻ̬е㵣һ滷ȺΧԼİ飬ǺûзѾѹˡÿ˵ɫȫ൱԰׶ޱ飬һƬĬУֻǰ֮ʱЩŲ
ƬëȻľ򼧲˸
֪Լ׷ʲô¡
Ҵȥĳط𡭡
Ҵȥ
ԵĻ򼧻ץס߼һ½ʸֻҪһ뵽Էˣʵòô
ûʲôԤС
ĿʼеԾˡ
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Ψһֻ¡
ŷԼһֱǿҲԼ壬򼧸ղȴؾͷˣʱĶȴǱŷ𾪵
ϣ¶ȡ
ģɼʮ˲̾

Ƿ󡪡ʲôأ
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ͷɫôᡭϣ¶ܵڼʲôǰδôأΪʲôںܾǰͳص׵İ˹
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ٱȱ˩סʯηúöˡôԼ˵
۾סϢѰʱ䡣
Ȼʱ۾ȷΧӹǰȫżһȡ΢΢˸Ĳ׿أڻɫ컨ǽȥ
ֵ·Ҫأ
ڴʱΧ򼧵ͻȻ任ƺ¥ݣڴϵ΢б۾ӽ˱仯ǰľɫȻϢıȱɿĿռ䡣
컨ǳߡԣû컨塣
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ԽԽвõԤС
ϡһŻѿ˹
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ǵɢ
ô¡
߾Ȼˣ
Χ𼫶ȿֻŵ
򼧸ŭ
޴ļһǲûأ



򼧱쵽һܿĵط
ƺĳ䣬ǴС˹ǵĹ
ǽذȫɱʯͷɵġ
ǴŶͬ彨ɵİɡ
䲻ǽڻ컨嶼׿صķĹԣ򼧲һɱӰеĸо
֪ǲãܾɫ׹ҡΣɢʱǿʱĹâ
ˮ·ӵ
ǶԲȫΪѾˡ
¶õı顣
ǰһŮԹصͷ
һߵǰŮԣһҪŷƵأ䱧ڻ
Żǵǃgˡ
ŮȻ곤ܶ࣬ȴԾά൱̬򼧸ողŵ֪ǰ˹Ů
Ҫյǵġ塻𣿡
֮ǰǵȻλܹǰ硣
ͻûֻŰɣ
ǣû뵽λȻ
Ҳ˵û𣡡
Ѿͣѽ
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ŵǲŶԣûɵذ˹ؽֲ㱻
Ҳû취ģΪ˵λʵˡ
⣿
򼧶ŮͶɵ۹⣬˵
ϵĿ˾Ȼûٻ³֣ѾǺܲ˼ˣ񲢷ͨࡣ
仰ϲɻ顣
ָͨࣿ𣿲ôҶһ˰ɡ
ȻȺһô˵򼧸оܴ
Ů˵
Ǵڸеһ

ĻͶˡ
ԭ
˵򼧵ȷͨˣΪž޴ʥޡ
ǻǽʥ޵Ϊ򼧱ˣǲ֪ʥĴڡ
򼧾ú֡Ȼǲ֪ʥ޵Ĵڣǻ˭ʲôʽӦأǰŮ
ŮֵߡȻһ˵ΪŮӵˣ֪ΪΣ򼧲ûдϸܵرġ˵Էעʽ̬붯ע⣬һҲöԷӵܹʥ˵Ŵ׽˹˶Ƕԣأ
Ϊȷϣɳѯɵ㡣
ô֪£
һʣŮ̻ش
Ϊǵô˵

شɻͷ
ҵػߣҲǼ̳ΨһһɹŴ֮ʥˡŴֻڰ˹ص֮󣬼ҴȥǼֻ̳֮Ѫͳˡ
򼧴һ
ȵȡҴҲ˵˹֮ޣ
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ôǲޡ
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еȷѾˡΪ׿ص˥ˣҲˡ
ˡ
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ԴҳصףѾһʮĹȻ֮ܵıˮ˥ҵҲʧȥЧãＫˡ
ޡ
򼧿ڷʣɲŮĻʲô⣬Ůô˵
׿أѾϡٵʹҲֻй̶ĵصСЩˮΪԴħ谢˹ǣͳʹͷҪµ֮á
֮á
Ǹׯϵơ˵֮˹Ǵ̵ͬĵλ
ȫΪʲôҪͻȻЩ
򼧳ĬҰڳ̬ȡ
˿̣ŮͻȻ򼧵
ӵڵϵŮȻˡǰδе¡ֻһλ֮޷֧ڵİ˹˵ʾ
˵ʲô
򼧱壬һɷǳõԤС
ŮԽŲѵ˵
ϵŮԸΪ𣿡
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ⲻڿЦֻҪڵһܵǿá
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ģһ̰档ȻҲһЩ׾ĵطȴһλ൱ˣһúôġ
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򼧲֪ʱĬĬվǰ

۲ͼ

̬һֱʮָ߰Ůһصͷ
򼧼״ۡ
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ǸԼҪꡭδѵѵǰ˹ġ
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ϢעԷһһʱԲ߷ֺĿŷ
ŷҲĬĬߡ
˶ڰ˸޷ᷢ¡
̧֣ŷķȥ
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ץǵʱǼһѾˣȫΪֻӵһΪΣյֻ㣬Ǽһﲻκ谭
仰ۡ
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ˡżĳУǸͻȻٲһͷµĹšӦ¡
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˵Լط֡



5  ֮ˮ

߽ǰŮͻȻס½
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ʲô
ŮΪھŶСؽ˳
ס֡ϵŮʲô
Ů״ŵֹ򼧣Ȼȴ˦ƵشУȻû
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Ů˵Եꡪһƽؿ˵Ļ
򼧺ں˵ȥ
װɵҲûรؿһź롣ҴСͿ嵽ҵ۾ʮء
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ŮͷԼؿڣ·һע⵽¡
ְ⻬ļһССĺ룬գ۾
ѽУҶ֪Ȼпź롭
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أ

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ѵΪ¾÷˲ΪҼʹ࣬˵ֻ𣿡
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׷ʲô¡
ֻãȻվԭء



һʯͷŲǼ̨̳氲һ߹ѣŷͷС
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һһ㶼˽˵࣬˯ôʲô˼
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һȺƼҳ˳ֲʾǰλ״̬Ŀ׼˷䡣˵ͽŷ̧Ⱥ𽫹Ѱߡ򼧴Уǵһ¡ŵֹǣȺһ˵ֻҪλԷӦңԶδһס򼧵·ֱưο÷ŷ塻޷Ը
ʹȭͷֹǡ
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Ȼŷʶ֪ʧȥˣ᷵ص壬ΪƷӦΡ
εġʽɹŷʥг뷨Ϊˣ˵һͬƽµطؽ˹ǲС
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˯ʯͷһӲʲôɵģڴϵĲȻܱһ֮²֪ʵ൱
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ΪͻȻ⵽ϮؽʯηЩġ
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šǰȻһûпǵ¡ϣúദ
Ů򼧵Ļ֮󣬱ֳеĵģͷ
ˡڶλԵϵĹһǰȥŮ



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ȻѾ˶ԲԣƭҲûรҪװˡ
˵Ȼ봥ŷͷʱ򡪡ͻȻץ

ΪھŶԭء
֪ʱŷѾ۾
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ǵ˷У޵Ҳ޶⣬ֻΨһ֪ܵľǾǡ⡻ŷӵͬò֮ȴȫͬԡǰҲǣΪǸѹĴڡ
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Ǿŷ
Ǹģ˸񸲸ԼճĶԭ˸֮ϡ
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򼧾㵵ŷ˾ǲòǰ΢΢ǡ
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ŷ˾Լ·¶ϻûȫϵ˿ڡ
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Ȼ򼧣ٶ˼⣬׿ǰ˼֮ͣͷ򼧣Ȼ˵ƵĶ򰵺šҪȥĳط
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Ȼ֣ȴɲ˼̤Ų漴Ϊŷ
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ǣ׿Ѿ׼뿪䡣
ԼҪ棬粻һȥĻ´λû취ټˡ̾һ¶ģ󷽡



֮߳ҫɫâȡܵذǽڶˮĹԡ
طӦûϵˮԽӽǾסˮɫâƺԽǿ
򼧵Ŀⱻϵʱ׿ز֪ʱĳطóһʯͷǿɫˮܶˮ
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ǽڴ˿̷ǿҵĹâǰһƮ׿ظ߾ٵʯͷԭһˮǽڣ˻ɫʯͷΧеǽûҲȥǰɫʣתΪǵʯ顣
򼧿Ƭ⾰ɵס
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âΪʱŶʧǱǿƶߵġ
̲ס뷢ʵĳ嶯
ղŵʲô
µػش
ۼ

򼧸׿صĻ˸ͷ
ʲôõģ
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Ļٲ¼ݺһʯͷɡ㳡ĵط
΢΢ҫܵɫâ֪طǰˮħ
Ȼﵽʯ컨ԵĵطҲԿѵأȻûгľҲûл䣬еֲŶгص֮ή˰ɡ
ڷдʯεĵطźüִ֧壬ڽ˹ǵͥ԰ҲƵĶطǰ˵ҲֲڱյϢʹá
ǡ
ϢԶĵطиˮء
ԴʯɵԲˮ룬һпյͲ״ʯ֪峺ˮʯ
ȫоĳͷΨһһб仯Ŀռ䣬򼧾ȵס
׿߽ˮزǿССˮˮһĻ˲ŵľԭ峺͸ˮȻȾ˵ɫ
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׿򼧵ĵӦ
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źҲ˵ʱѾɥʧ˴ǰļ䣬ŮΪǾѵĻᣬԶѣֻ
ŮΪϣ¶ȽܳΪʧȥĳЩ顪ϣ¶Ҳ˽˹׿صԼоԵ
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Žˮͷųʯͷֻظԭȵĵɫ
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׿صͷӦ򼧵⡣
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ôǿʯͷÿȡʱˮͻʧ𣿡
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ӺҵΡ

˫Ļɫδݳκθ飬ֻĬĬ򼧡
õģֻҪ̳˵ҾͻصϣҲ㽫
µĿǣؿڸеһʹ֪ϣԣֻǶ򼧣ϣ¶ˡ˭κϣ
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ҪôأѾûκΰ취ˡȻˣֻ¡
Ҳ޷ش⡣
κŬĩյĳֻͽ޹
Ҳбػ



6  ֻ

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ΪĿĴأˣʹˮ
Ϊľȫѡ
ʹÿÿضΪ˶Լڰж
ٴζǰʵе¡
Ǹ
ȻܽԼĹŴħڡ
ŷǱʹˮ֮ѹסôŷ˾ֻҪõǹͿԳŷ
ٶð˹ò
ôּһ
Ͽҵŷص
ǹĻᱻͷŵ磬֮ǰ취СɼҵĽǸгϮ
ڴʱͻȻһʡ
ԡ취ŷ֮ǰһ⡣
ΪʲôǼһûл
ֵּ״֮£ȴû
ŷŷ˾Կס
ȻˣŷӦ쳣仯Ŷԡ
ôΣգĳҲô룬ⶼ̫ˡ
ȻǸÿڽҪͷɲóļһӦҲκԼڵ尡
򼧳ĬŮΪǳԼµĮ˵
ҽ۹Ĵˡ
⻰򼧻ع
ȡһ£Ĳģ
æ͡ҪڱĪе޷жĻ鷳ˡ
Ͳȥŷˡ
ȻŮĻ
һϣŮô
һþ֮ǰ뿪䡣

ˣŮͶվ֮ǰŮѾתȥˡ
ȡ
һ¡˵ҲȻŮѾ߳ˡ
ӰʧڷһǸ˲䣬ͷ㴫ͷǸҲǷű˩˳ı
ıˡ



Ǵ򲻿
䷿Ψһһŵİ֣Ȼ̾һ
ҳŷУȴʽ
򼧳ѵķһۡûٿȥһ
Ҫ󽫹Ѱġ
ֻҪԿ򼧾;˫ħԵ۾ƺˣȴҲȫֻҪѹ
򼧻ӷڡ
䷿ûдԣȷƴƣǾ֮ͬǰһĴɴģľӡϸͭ򣬵ʲôûӳճʹӴƣһͷҲǿһɡ
һ˼һںڳ
Խ
֮ʱ
ͻȻЩ΢ײӷ䴫һ
ԴȥһССǳɫë
һֻģɰź˫۵ԲС֫òʮϲ
ڵذһǿ˲䣬һ¡
㡭
˵ΪŷֻСʥޡ
桭Ϊʲô
֮ǰȫˡ
򼧰ѽСʥޱ˫ͫ

۲ͼ

ѵǼʽĴ𣿡
ѯʣȴԴϣһգ۾֪Ҳûã̲סڣ
Ǵģ
ûлӦǽͷһࡣģȻǲ˵Ļɡ
еһɥ
㻹û䣬һǸﲻæļһѽ
ûзʥҲһɡһ߶Լô˵һʵ
֪ŷ𣿡
ʵҲûڴλõӦëһŷ֣ԭëĶ
Ť壬˳
ôˡ
СǳɫʥվǰȻҪ˵ЩʲôƵתҡβ͡
ô¡
ֱղΪֹȷʵ飬ôһͷˮǰشˡ
ʲ
ûᾪȲѵ򼧣سķ˳ȥ
ëŴ򿪵
Ȼ򼧸еɻԾɸ˳ȥ
Ϊֻʥƺȥĳط
Сسûзֿصˡ
΢ʱѾܵԶˡ򼧼״ŵ׷ȥ
һ¡
Ϊ׷ֻʮݵʥ޶
ҫɫâʯͷΧƵȣϵǰȥѾֲԼղߵ·ֻ֪⸽ƺȫɢʯͷ
Ȼôడ
򼧸еȣ׷ñעⲻҪʥ޴ǽڵʱʵںࡣ
ֱԹ
򼧸ղžÿطŶŶɲܣȫûжȥ̽κһ
׷ֻëƵʥһӡ
ʱһײϮ
ֻǰܵ򼧣Ϊײĳͣ˽Ų
ۡ
һڵϡ
ô¡
һ˲仹֪ʲô£ɻ̧ͷ
һĤ嵲ڿȵǰǰᱡɴɫⲨ鲼ϡ
޷ǰ
ȷϣָһ˰Ĺâͱ
鷳ˡ
ͽȥˡ
ƴ봩ǵʱҲԥԾ뱡ɴƵĹâС
ǵʱ򡭡
ɴĹⲨͬˮһˡ

ǰĹ⾰򼧵һ
Ȼòʥޡ
ػͷڴߴڵϵţȻٶǰȥ
Ҳæںͷ



ĳǰתͷ
Ϊʱ䱼ܶ򼧣ôֳǽڡؽ
⡢
ûлشֻҡβ͡
ͷȻŰѣŲǷΪ򲻿
ôģ򲻿
׼תԹûܽ˵ΪܵһССײҲǰȥ
ۡ
ͷɵײ򼧱˲䣬崩š
˵ڷڵĵذϡ
ʹ
һһ
Ϊʲôÿζô³أ
ȻܹİȴԾɲϰֱַŪľٶǺŶͼ
㿪ڱԹΧȥӰ֪ʱʧˡ
桭
ëȥˣѰʱ򡭡
ɫͷǰ
һ֣̽ת˹ȥ
ҵˣŷ
ԷҲڻӦĻȵؽ˳
򼧣
ǰˣΪͻȻȲѵŷ
漴ץסŷ½󣬿ŷǰȥ
㻹ðɣ
ŷƺҲʶס򼧣ȴֻεؽ쿪˫۷¡
򼧲¶˵ı飬̬Ϥġ
̫ˣ򼧣ƽ¡
仰Ӧ˵ŶԡǵģһֱһΪ㷢ʲôˡ
Ϊҵ𣿡
Ȼ
һҲߡȻôشŷգ۾ûԤϵ򼧻ὲִ𰸡ŷ˵ȥ
֪пԣΪʲôӵҲϵأ
ԲҲ㰡һֱ¸ô졣
ΪʲôϿ֣һյӣ㲻֪ʲô״ŷ˾ڰ˹˷ͬСɵร
򼧴ŷƺ仰˼
ţȷ̫Ȼܹ£Ҳһ
Ծ֮ǰϿصȥ
ŭŷ¶֪Ǻõı顣
Ҳȥûôס
˵ʲô˼
˵ʲôüŷһ˼ض̹ף
ұץˡ
ʲô
ץ˭
һͷ¶ˮ
ʱͻȻ˴Ӻ󷽶˵
Ϊһǵһμ۾ģһ˫Ư۾ءое㲻࣬Һม
һɰ
򼧻عͷȥϣ¶Ȳ֪ʱվ
ϣ¶ȡ
֮򼧸еȡ
ǰ൱ϣü棬ȴһֱ⵽ܾû뵽ʽá
ͻȻһ¡
ĸ߼Ҿ򼧷ڵƷƣ䷿䲼õúʡ
ķ𣿡
ǰ
ϣ¶ȵͷԲ˼˵
ôģӦûô׾ܴ
ɥʧϣ¶ƺ֪ʥ޵ĴڣҲ㽫¸м⡣
ŷΪʲô
ϣ¶򼧵غǺЦ
˯ŵʱƯ۾֮ҾͰץˡ
ץ
ץõ
ʱ򼧲ע⵽ŷĲϵ
㡭ǡ
̲סץȴûгɹ־ԽŷһӰ

򼧳һؿŷϣ¶ȡ
ϣ¶ȷЦ
汿Ү˩סôܻʵ

Ǻǣܺʶ԰ɣҰŮ˩ȥġ
ǰŮа΢Ц򼧲Ŀɿڴ
˩ȥ
ٶŷ¶һ޲ߵķձ顣Ǵͷɥģ˾ʮֿ
ǰ״ʹһѣȻڵŷǾ״̬Ȼ˹ǵĵڶϾõľٶе㵡
ϣ¶ȡ㵽ôˣʶ㲢ˣʲô£
ǰȷЩԣһЦ֮ȴ¡
򼧵ѾһŻҡϣ¶ȿ¶ıĳ˷ƵĶ
˻һ˵ЩĪĻѾ˵Ҳʶ㡣
ǰǽðԣȻǽãдģ
ԿǿӲ򼧣ϣ¶ɻͷ˵
ʵ˵ӦҲǸǢĽá
ʲô
Ϊҹǿͻúܲ
ϣ¶˵ôɴ࣬ܵ˴
ϣ¶ȡ
ϣ¶ȵÿԼ³ÿ仰ʶġ
򼧻ָĿյ˵ȥ
Ѿû¾뿪һúչģΪǸȤߣҪһֱ
ɲǶ
˵ϣ¶ȱ¶΢Ц
ҵȻ֪ҵѡ
˭Ѱס
ǣĻͻ
˫ü
ôϲǼһﰡ
ţǳϲ
ϣ¶˫ŷ۾룬ƺĺϲŷ
ˣһеء
𴥰һμ֮ʱӡ
ƵĲòǸ˵ĸо
룬ϣ¶Ⱦɥʧ䣬ȴǵ㡣
ϸ˼ŷȷϣ¶ϲ͡
ŷ˼
õĸ߹Ӱͱ飬ԼԷ΢ˣЩƺҲΪ˳̬ȣŷȫǺϣ¶ȵϲá
ټϣ¶ȺעԵòġ
Ҳѹ֣Ϊϣ¶ϲľ͡
뵽򼧲Ϊĳ¶˼
ףĻ
仰˵ϣ¶Ӧò׿ĶȤŶ԰
򼧲ϣ¶ȻϲֶŮԼȲֺ䵭ҶͶǵԣҲڼ˹ǵӽʱԥߡ
׿أ
̲סѯʡ
׿ء
ϣ¶ȣ㲻ϲ׿𣿡
򼧷ʵʱҲֳϣ¶ʱģһǣ׿ص֡
ϣ¶ȵͷ˵
׿ҺҪˣΪѽ
仰ʮ־ȡ
˵㣿
е龭ˡֻҼǵúʱѾصףȴһ㶼ûиеΪ֪վߵġ
ϣ¶ȵ΢Цʮֿɰ
Ȼ򼧵ӳڵģκ¡
򼧲Ϊʲô
ϣ¶ȴǰΪȿɰֶ˵òܵڽҵעĿ᲻ΪĳЩأòȴǰøҫۣ˲뷨
˼ʱϣ¶ϸЩá
ǣ׿ظңͺûȤһһ¶ĳΪֻҾñϲ㣬˲ġ
ʲô
⻰ٶ򼧸еһãȻ
ղ˵˭ϲ˭
򼧵ķӦƺϣ¶Ⱥܲˡ
ǸˣһҲҾúܷ
ǰɡȵһ£˵׿ϲңû£Һûкúý̸
ô֪һˡһûȤģȴƺ㡣
ǡ
ΪӦΪ׿ؾ򼧻Ϊ˹ѣŻȽע
ڱΪɰ˹ԭ˱˵кøˣ׿˵ȫ෴
ԼΪ±⡣
ǡˡ
ǣ֮ǰܺõͥ԰ɢѽ
ʲ㿴𣿡
ҿϵӰˣܵġȽȴҪǰôˣǲģҪΪ˹ҡ
ϣ¶ȵĵжĸ˷򣬱ͶԵ򼧸е֪롣
òΪɣŶŷ°ɣ
ָŷľ
˵ץ򼧾ǰ״ƺһЩҲĳɷ֣ӦòĴ
Ϊصʵ̫
Ͱŷ𣿡
˵ҪҵѰ
ɲͨһﰡңҪǲص壬ͻᷢ״һҪһʰ֮ǰȥ
ϣ¶򼧵Ļ֮󣬽תһ˵
ҲҪ
ץסϣ¶ݵļҪԼĻȥ
ϣ¶ȣã㲻԰Ǽһ棬ǸŪĶһصԭ壬һ˸ͻѣʱᷢ˵鰡
ֻ˼ûдϣ¶ȡ
㽲ĻĪҮ
ϣ¶ȣ
취ŷָɲСļ١
Ըδʵ֡
Ϊ˿̳һ谭ˡ
Ȼ
Ů쳹ܡ
ȵתͷŮδźü
类ƽʱҾˡڵ˵ȻϣȻġ
ŮĻʱǵϡ
硭ָɴһĹâ
ŮƺƽҲ򼧡
ǣŮȲ֪ʥ޵ĴڣҲûп棬Ҳûðɡ
Ȼɿ˵
ǶᣬҲûֻһӵ֮˵ġƷҲûҪ˹ѵ˼Ҫֹ쳣仯Ұǽŷϵ⿪ص
ŮûлӦ򼧵Ҫ󣬶£
֮ѾĴˡһ
֡
ʵҲ֪ʧõĽ˹ΪԵѾ޷ظʧԱӦõĴ
Ҳ˵ֻҪɱ𣿡
ŮԸ߸ϵ̬ȵͷӦ򼧵ʡ
£ȻΪµ
СʲôҲû
ֻǴڴ˴ˮͻʧǺصǴǰڵͶΪС

ʧȥ̫ϧˣ
üͷ
˵ʲô
ҪԼʧȥˮ֮
˫ۣŮ˵ȥ
ȻźҲֻܷҪ֮õ¡Ҫ֮õһᷢص£ȻηܳΪһλ֮õʳ
ʳ
ǽʹˮħתƵϣ¶ȵϡⶼΪϣ¶ȵΪǿ֮á
ǰõ𣿡
ʵڲԳȥ˼Ů˵ЩȻ޷Դ˲ʵС
ˮ͸˹Ҫܼ򵥡
˵ΧΧǴ򰵺š
ǽӵ˳ӵصͷһǰץס򼧵ֱۡ
ȡһ¡
ץס򼧾ʧ룬ʱŷ˳
򼧣
ŷƺҲ˩ס޼ƿʩ
̸ʱˮҲȡš˷ʱˣ̿ʼСϣ¶ȵ£һ𣿡
ϣ¶һȣŮĻ֮ԾɵͷӦˡ
ţ֪ˡ
ϣ¶ȣ
ѡеҡȻΪеźҲء
򼧿ϣ¶ˬһԼ޹ص̬ȵɵһ㵡
·Ƶأü˫³ֽ˳ȥ



7  ŵħ

һȺץסֱۡ򼧣ΪԾľһ
ǡ
Ȼģв࣬Ƿ·Ҫʵĸ컨뵽á
ɫĹâ޿϶زʯͷΧƵĿռ
ɫâɫκһ񿴹ˮ
ڴ˴ģൽĿתˮԭʯ
ǵ컨壬̲ľ޴ˮԭʯ
ħſԵڻ컨䲢ʹˮᾧгľ޴ˮÿһˮŲͬò
һˮȻǰδŨ
ˮ벿ְ
Ӧλڳǵĵ㡣
ռǶ԰˹һ֪򼧣Ҳܹ﷭ڵĹŴħ൱Ѱǿ
йɷ·Ҳ˾ʹѹȸϮ
ֱǰжܵƵ򼧣˫λá
ǿվãҪ˳Ƶһȥֻһ߽ԭص򼧡
ܹΪ˹֮ʥĵطԭ̤ﶼԭµġ
ǰ˹Ůߵǰһضô˵лŲһĽ
ģϡеˮԭʯƳǹŵУһֱػط϶һ޶ĹŴ֮Ų
ǰĹ⾰
ǡܳһʱ䡭Ųһͬ񣬶һС
򼧲ڽĿתŮ
ȻôӴˮ
򼧵˵š
ΪʲôûлصأȻôǿӦûصȥ
ӦòҪֺڰص׵ȴŶԡ
пһʣȫص
ǲûΣǰ˹ܹٶڵϸҲ
Ůƽȵػصܡ
ǸʱѾҽڰ˹ڵϡ
ҡ
ϵĹǾסĹҡ
仰򼧵ɴ۾
ָ˹𣿡
ҵֶֽ˵û塣Ǹǰİ˹ķ໥ȽҲѷɫǸ˹ҡѾʧȥԷصĵط
Ӧûмʹ˹Ҳǻȥķ
˵ŮԿĳ޴ı鶢
ʹ˹ҲܻȥķҪ˹ϵĹΪЩΪ֮Ѫѡ޴·𣿡
ǽԼ˺аһ𣿡
Ҫ˹ʲôطȥأ
Ⱥ˾ŴִĻѡ˰˹֡
Уһɥʧ
ֹ⾰򼧲ʧȥ
ǲҪ̫𣿡
شˣŮ
Ȼ

׿ز֪ʱϣ¶ȵĸ³֡
ǲٴʵֵԸ
Ļɫ򼧡
ҡͷ˵
ûǻ¡ȻôĹŴħüŶԡ㲻ϣϣ¶Ȼµ֮ãӦҲܹнѡ
ϵΡ
ⲻΣֻҪϣĻʱܡ
Ѿˣǲûѡֵ·
ѡˮԼĽһȥ𣿡
û
׿صͷ򼧲ɵҧ˫
ҲŻᱻɱ𡭡
û
Ϊ˾ղĳ𣿡
׿ûлش򼧵⡣
򼧻Χ·ҪѰĴ𰸡
ܵĹڲ֪ʱˣÿ׶һȲ԰ֺᷢʲôǲûбֺĺȤֻһԲعۿķչ
ǹӵŮܸǵδٰЩ˵򼧵ͺˮһʳ
ȥԸѾǿҵֵز
ôصϾͺѽ׿ЩŴĽֻҪѡ֮¾Ϳˡ֮ԲôΪĳЩ޷Ĺ뷨
׿ʰߣͻȻȥ򼧱ܵشϵı˽⣬ϣʽ
ϣӭȢҲڴΪԼļ̳˵һ
ķӦ򼧸еһϣ
ȡˮ˲ҡ
򼧶׿˵ϣܹס
Ⱥ˵УΨһ򼧵Ļˡ
Ƿ򼧵ȴ׿ضŮ
˵˭أ

˵ŷ˾£֪˯еŷԭһԥɱŷɡ
Ҳ¡
ˣ򼧻ǽͶ򰢶˹
Ӧⳡ־Ƕô׷ûκ塣
ȴ򼧵ڴ෴׿ȫֱ
˫ƺĮĻɫ˫ͫȤ
ˡ

׿ڱչԼΪʱͻ¶ΧĮĵı顣
ΪάֵıҪ֡
¶Լ⣬޷
ֻһ˵ʱŻֳԭò
ط򼧵Ļ޷ġ

Ůǵ˵
񡣡
仰̧ͷ
궢򼧣вͬ㯡
ڣΪжİ˹֮޷ֹġ
׿ߣ֡
ĳˮͬɫɫâǴΧˮԭʯߢȡɡâһͿʼۣһ˶ſ顣
һˮ׿صгΡ
ˮƳɵһѽ·ɱƵأǰѽɢĹԣǾԲĽ⣬ڶ׼򼧡
ԹŴħĽѹ򼧼ϡ
Ὣ򼧵ļѹɷ˵رȹڱʯذϡƺĳʹôģȫ޷Լ˼ƶ塣
ֻܹڵϵȴ¡
ɫͷǰϣ¶ҲϢķչ
ķƵҧס촽׿ء
ʱŮˣ
õģⲻʲôѵʽཫᱻеĽ̴ǲһѪΪǰѽûʵ壬ֻΪȡϴ̽ڣһ㶼еʹģǲûôᡣ
Ļȫ޷ο򼧡
׿ء
򼧺֡
Ҳûãʧȥˮ֮˻ظҲû취ͨδ·ҵҲһλ֮õʳ
׿ûлشֻǾǰѽĽס򼧵ؿڡŽǹϡ
򼧼˵ȥ
֮ǰ˵ҪԼĿǰ£ǲ¡𣿾ˣҲ޷κһ˹񡣡
Щ׿ЩԻûзŹ仯
ǵõĽֻӺ󰢶˹֮յʲô壿˵뿴̫¶һеı飬˵ΨһһԸ𣿡Ըζ޷ʵ仰ܳΪе𣿡
׿ͣ¶ΧһȻ
ǿԼԥǷҪ򼧵

ǿ
ҪŮԹԻˡ
ǿн³
㶯֡
һлü֮ǰ֡
Ϊ񡣡
Щǵִһ㳯׿ضȥס
ΪǶ֡
Ϊ˰˹
Ϊ˰˹
ۺʱⶼǾ
׿ǰ¶ʹı飬ұ˫ۡ
΢д˳
ԭҡ
ĻϸСֻ򼧲ü
׿ؾôеĽ̽򼧵ؿڡ
һ˲䣬򼧽ҧס촽ҪʹƵر塣

ס
һãȻ򼧷΢΢
޷ж嵱УΨһܰԼ˼ֻ򼧵˫ۣƶ߿Լؿڡ
űâĽʵش̽ؿڡ
ǣûиеʹ
Ů˵Ļġûʹ״£֪Լڵĳ޷˹ȥ
ǡ
ͬϵ˼ˡ
Ŵħȥ򼧵һС
ǹ΢УڿоССķ磬򼧵ͷڷĴ֮°ڶ
ʱ򡪡
ֻݵײĸоϮ

򼧲һ
йųŹŴħĸо
ǡ
Ǹڡ
ޣžˮ
ɴԼִĽݳ쳣仯׿ƺҲ˳Ƶüͷ
ǡ
¶Դ޷ı飬
򼧶һɻ׿˵
ǽ˹Ǻã˹δõ޷֧
ĬĬԼ꣬򼧽˵ʵ
˵ֻ֧һˡ
׿صи顣
Ҳ˵Ҳû
Ϊ˱µص
Ϊ˰˹¶ĳеСѡɱ򼧵·Ȼ򼧴Ҳֻǰװ
һֱĵʹ࣬ԼΪ񻳱С
ѽֻҵСϣõУǹɾ޴֮ӦûᱻͷŻԭ硣
׿صɢ
ͬʯ̵һչ¶ı飬򼧶Դ˸еʹ
ûϵģ㲢ûд
ô˵֪仰ʺ϶ҪɱԼ˵޷ڡԼҲȺ׿վͬҽҪ֮˵δ棬ͬѡ
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ȻżҲҪдһЩճ֮ݣҸ֪ʲôŵճѽɥ

һƳ˵ǡ`ķƪȻûȷȷĻĺ뽫֮ǰûܽ븸ĸйصĹд󾿾ءҲпܻдĹ¡
ܹ˳ͺˣһŬģ

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ܸٴ

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